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Semen Analysis Test Introduction Semen analysis, also called a semen test or sperm analysis , is a laboratory test used to evaluate semen and sperm. It provides important information about sperm production, movement, and structure. The test is commonly used when doctors are evaluating male reproductive health or possible fertility problems. Semen contains sperm cells along with fluids produced by different glands of the male reproductive system. A semen analysis examines several physical and microscopic characteristics of the sample. Purpose of Semen Analysis A semen analysis may be performed to: ·          Evaluate male reproductive health. ·          Investigate possible fertility problems. ·          Check the number and quality of sperm. ·          Assess sperm movement and structure. ·   ...

  Introduction Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting humans worldwide. Several different viruses can cause hepatitis, but the major human hepatitis viruses are Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Hepatitis G virus (HGV) . These viruses differ in their genetic material, structure, routes of transmission, incubation period, clinical manifestations, and ability to cause chronic infection. The liver performs many essential functions, including metabolism of nutrients, detoxification of harmful substances, synthesis of proteins, and production of bile. When hepatitis viruses infect liver cells, they can cause inflammation and damage to the liver. Some infections are short-lasting and resolve completely, whereas others may become chronic and lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma . ...