HIV test

 


1. Objective

The objective of this test was to detect the presence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) antibodies or antigens in a patient's blood or serum to screen for HIV infection.

2. Principle

The test was based on the detection of HIV-specific antibodies (IgG, IgM) and/or p24 antigen using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests, or Western Blot. In some advanced cases, nucleic acid testing (NAT) was used for early detection.

3. Materials Used

  • HIV Rapid Test Kit (e.g., Determine, Uni-Gold, First Response)

  • Patient's blood or serum sample

  • Buffer solution

  • Micropipette and tips

  • Timer

  • Biohazard disposal

4. Procedure

  1. A drop of patient’s whole blood or serum was placed on the test device sample pad.

  2. Two drops of buffer solution were added.

  3. The sample was allowed to migrate across the test strip by capillary action.

  4. Results were read after 15–20 minutes.

  5. Control and test lines were observed to interpret the result.

5. Result

  • Positive: Both control and test lines appeared.

  • Negative: Only the control line appeared.

  • Invalid: No control line appeared; the test was repeated with a new kit.

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