Calprotectin Test


1. Objective

The objective of the test was to measure the level of calprotectin in a stool sample, which served as a marker for intestinal inflammation, helping to distinguish between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).


2. Principle
Calprotectin is a protein released by neutrophils during inflammation. Its concentration increases in the stool during intestinal inflammation. The test was usually conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid immunochromatographic assay that detected fecal calprotectin levels.


3. Materials
• Fresh stool sample in sterile container
• Calprotectin ELISA kit or rapid test cassette
• Buffer and pipettes
• Microwell plate (for ELISA) or lateral flow strip
• Reader (for quantitative ELISA)
• Gloves and lab coat


4. Procedure
1. A stool sample was collected and mixed with buffer.
2. The extract was either applied to a lateral flow cassette or loaded into an ELISA plate well.
3. In ELISA, reagents were added stepwise with washing in between.
4. After incubation and color development, the result was read visually (rapid test) or by a spectrophotometer (ELISA).
5. Concentration was compared against standard references.

 
5. Result (Example)
Calprotectin Level (μg/g) Interpretation
< 50 Normal (likely IBS)
50–200 Borderline/mild inflammation
> 200 Abnormal (suggests IBD)
• Test Result: 320 μg/g
• Interpretation: Positive – Indicates active intestinal inflammation


6. Uses
• Differentiated between IBD (e.g., Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis) and IBS
• Monitored disease activity and response to therapy in IBD patients
• Reduced the need for invasive procedures like colonoscopy

7. Conclusion
The calprotectin test was a non-invasive and reliable marker for intestinal inflammation, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD and improving clinical decision-making in gastrointestinal disorders.

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