Serum Electrolyte Test (focusing on Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride)

 


1. Objective

The objective of this test was to measure the concentrations of key electrolytes—sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻)—in the blood serum to assess fluid balance, nerve function, and acid-base status.

2. Principle

The test was based on the principle of ion-selective electrode (ISE) technology or automated chemistry analyzers. Each electrode measured the electrical potential generated by a specific ion (Na⁺, K⁺, or Cl⁻), which correlated with its concentration in the serum.

3. Materials

  • Blood sample (serum tube – red or yellow top)

  • Centrifuge

  • Electrolyte analyzer or biochemistry autoanalyzer

  • Ion-selective electrodes for Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻

  • Calibrators and control solutions

4. Procedure

  1. A venous blood sample was collected and allowed to clot.

  2. The sample was centrifuged to obtain serum.

  3. Serum was loaded into the electrolyte analyzer.

  4. The analyzer measured ion concentrations using ion-selective electrodes.

  5. Results were displayed and recorded.

5. Result (Example)

ElectrolyteValueReference RangeInterpretation
Sodium (Na⁺)146 mmol/L135–145 mmol/LMild Hypernatremia
Potassium (K⁺)3.0 mmol/L3.5–5.0 mmol/LHypokalemia
Chloride (Cl⁻)110 mmol/L96–106 mmol/LMild Hyperchloremia

6. Uses

  • Evaluated fluid and electrolyte balance

  • Diagnosed conditions like dehydration, kidney disease, acidosis/alkalosis

  • Monitored IV therapy and diuretic use

  • Crucial for patients with hypertension, heart failure, and endocrine disorders

7. Conclusion

The serum electrolyte test was a fundamental diagnostic tool that helped assess the internal chemical environment, aiding in the management of critical conditions involving fluid, renal, and cardiovascular balance.

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